4/3/2023 0 Comments Vtne flash cardsGuiafenesin Mucolytics Break up mucus, decreasing its viscosityĪcetylcysteine Generic mucolytic used to combat acetaminophen toxicity in cats Acetylcysteine Classes of gastrointestinal drugs Emetics / Antiemetics (asprin, bronchodilators, sedatives, oxygen) Antitussives Mild narcotics that suppress the cough reflexīutorphanol, hydrocodone Expectorants Increase the fluidity of respiratory mucus, making it easier to expel Positive inotropes (digoxin) and catecholamines (epinephrine) Xylazine (analgesia and sedation) Propranolol Beta blocker used to treat cardiac arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy Classes of cardiovascular drugs Antiarrhythmics (propranolol) Slows GI motility, dries secretions, speeds HR, dilates pupils Examples of adrenergic drugs and their effects Epinephrine (stimulates heart to beat) Sympathetic: adrenergics / adrenergic blockers Anticholinergics Blocks acetylcholine Parasympthetic: cholinergics / anticholinergics Morphine, meperidine, butorphanol, codeine Corticosteriods Steroid anti-inflammatory used for pain reliefĭexamethasone, prednisone NSAID Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugīlock prostaglandin production within the inflammatory processĬarprofen, asprin Most common euthanasia agent Pentobarbital sodium Doxapram Stimulates the respiratory center in the brain Drugs that affect the autonomic nervous system, classified by the system they affect (system: produce / inhibit) Non-categorized (metronidazole) Classes of drugs used for pain control AnalgesicsĪnti-inflammatories Opioids Narcotic analgesics which block the pain impulse to the brain Disruption of microbial metabolic activity (sulfa drugs) Classes of antimicrobials Aminoglycosides (gentamicin) Inhibition of nucleic acid production (griseofulvin, ketoconazole)ĥ. Interference with microbial protein synthesis (aminoglycosides)Ĥ. Damaging the cell membrane of static / adult populations (polymyxins)ģ. Disruption of microbial cell wall development (penicillins)Ģ. Types include hydroxylation and acetylationĪlso known as metabolism Metabolite Byproduct produced when a drug is metabolizedĬan be active or inactive Antimicrobial drugs Kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi)Ĭlassified as -cidal (kill the organism) or -static (prevent its replication) Antimicrobials work via five mechanisms. Biotransformation The process by which the body inactivates and breaks down a drug and readies it for excretion The mechanism protects brain cells against harmful substances and pathogens. Lipid-soluble substances such as alcohol, caffeine, nicotine and most anaesthetics, as well as glucose, oxygen and water, pass rapidly into brain cells, whereas proteins, most antibiotics and ions do not enter or enter very slowly. It is achieved by brain capillaries, which unlike other capillaries elsewhere in the body, are composed of endothelial cells sealed together in continuous tight junctions and surrounded by astrocytes that contribute to the selective passage of substances. ED50 The dose of a drug that is effective in 50% of the animals in a trial Blood-brain barrier A mechanism that prevents some substances in the blood from reaching the brain.
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